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Conspiracy to Commit Federal Offenses: Understanding 18 U.S.C. § 371
Conspiracy charges under 18 U.S.C. § 371 are serious. Even if no crime is actually carried out, the act of agreeing to commit a federal offense—and taking just one overt act toward completing it—can lead to significant penalties. This general conspiracy statute is widely used by federal prosecutors and often misunderstood by defendants.
Understanding Drug Trafficking and Intent to Sell Charges in Arizona
Drug charges in Arizona can carry life-altering consequences, especially when they involve serious offenses like drug trafficking or possession with intent to sell. Arizona law imposes harsh penalties for these crimes, and the legal distinctions between them can significantly affect the outcome of a case.
How Drug Convictions Affect College Financial Aid in Arizona
Until recently, students with a drug conviction could lose access to federal student aid entirely. Under the old version of the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), students had to answer questions about prior drug convictions, and a “yes” response could result in aid being denied or delayed.
However, this changed with the FAFSA Simplification Act, which was part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021. As of July 1, 2023, questions about drug convictions have been removed from the FAFSA form altogether.
Underage DUI: Arizona Laws About Minor Drunk Driving
This article will explain what qualifies as an underage DUI in Arizona, what the legal penalties are, and how underage DUI laws differ from standard DUI charges. We’ll also walk you through the real-world consequences of being caught driving under the influence as a minor, whether it happens after a college party, on prom night, or even with just a slight BAC reading. If you or your child has been charged with underage DUI, this guide will help you understand what you’re up against—and how a skilled defense attorney can help protect your rights.
Arizona Drug Possession Laws: Types of Crimes & Charges
Under Arizona law, drug possession offenses fall under different statutes depending on the type of substance. A drug charge may be classified as a misdemeanor or felony based on several factors, such as quantity, intent, and prior offenses.
Actual possession refers to drugs found directly on a person—in a pocket, bag, or hand. Constructive possession refers to drugs found in a space the person controls, like a vehicle or shared apartment. Both can lead to a drug possession charge under Arizona law.
Common controlled substances include marijuana, methamphetamine, heroin, fentanyl, cocaine, LSD, MDMA, and various prescription medications. The Arizona Revised Statutes (ARS) set strict guidelines for handling these offenses, particularly under ARS 13-3407 (dangerous drugs) and ARS 13-3408 (narcotic drugs).
What Qualifies as Self Defense Under Arizona Law?
Self-defense is one of the most frequently misunderstood legal concepts in criminal law. In Arizona, many people believe that standing up for yourself is always legally protected. But the reality is more nuanced. While Arizona law does give you the right to defend yourself, others, and your property, there are clear limits on when and how you can use force — especially deadly force. If you’re being investigated for a violent crime like assault or aggravated assault, and you believe you acted in self-defense, it’s important to understand what the law actually says. Arizona’s justification statutes outline when self-defense is permitted, and when it crosses the line into criminal conduct. These laws are found in the Arizona Revised Statutes (ARS), starting at ARS § 13-401 and running through ARS § 13-421.
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Guardian Law Group Client Reviews
“He did so with great care and professionalism”
Chris Lueders helped me with a complicated real estate matter. He did so with great care and professionalism. He was my last resort and I am forever grateful to him for getting it done. Chris thanks again for your efforts.
Alan Leshner
“Someone who is a killer lawyer AND a good human”
Christian has been a Godsend to our family. It is difficult to put into words how amazing he has been to us through some of the toughest times of our lives. He is honest, professional, caring, and has always gone above and beyond what is expected of him as a lawyer. It was refreshing to work with someone who is a killer lawyer AND a good human. We are so grateful!
Staci Schilling
“Dedicated honest trustworthy and aggressive”
Christian is a god send! I was driving for Uber, little did I know, the passenger that I was transporting in Tolleson az was a person of interest. I was accelerating from a stop light the police stopped me said I was speeding. Also claimed I was associated with this person. I called my husband, he called Christian he answered immediately. He talked to the police and they decided to let me go. If you’re looking for a dedicated honest trustworthy and aggressive. He is the lawyer you’re looking for He informed me of my rights and made sure I wasn’t getting rail loaded by these.officers. I appreciate you Christian and the work you do thank you so much!
Tiffany Bembenek
“Guardian Law Group will immediately put you at ease”
Finding yourself in a tough situation can be very stressful. Christian and Ashlee of the Guardian Law Group will immediately put you at ease. Their kindness and compassion go above and beyond. Knowing your calls will be answered and someone will be there to help takes such a burden off your shoulders. Should you find yourself in need of someone who has your back, don’t hesitate to call Guardian Law Group.
Kami Proffitt
“I was surprised by his attention, but above all by his follow-up to my case.”
Muy recomendable el Abogado Christian Lueders. Muy confiable y puntual. Honesto y con seguimiento rapido y asertivo. Yo lo contacte atraves de Internet y me sorprendio su atencion, pero sobre todo su seguimiento a mi caso. (Lawyer Christian Lueders is highly recommended. Very reliable and punctual. Honest and with fast and assertive follow-up. I contacted him through the Internet and I was surprised by his attention, but above all by his follow-up to my case.)
Martha Padilla
“He was extremely knowledgeable and compassionate”
I talked to Christian Lueders of Guardian Law Group about legal issues and he was extremely knowledgeable and compassionate. I highly recommend him.
Santosh Reddy
“Christian is by far one of the BEST Attorney’s in Phoenix”
Christian is by far one of the BEST Attorney’s in Phoenix, Arizona. hands down! I truly felt from the day I first met him he was going to get me where I am today. Such a true blessing, we had no doubts about him at all. Such a caring individual, he’s not here for your money he’s really here to help you. He goes above & beyond to get you where you can be, Today or in the future, But when Christian is in front of that courtroom nothing but a positive and happy ending comes out of it , so I definitely recommend this Law Office & Christian Lueders. I’d say 10 stars is more like it!
Des A Ramirez
“You’ll be in good hands”
Guardian Law Firm is a good establishment and run by the best people! They have good attorneys one which I have worked with back in Fall 2023, Mr. Christian Lueders. You will be satisfied with this group. You’ll be in good hands.
AutobotLover17
“Christian and Ashlee’s integrity, expertise, and dedication set them apart”
Guardian Law Group is led by highly intelligent and trustworthy professionals who are deeply committed to their clients and their work. Christian and Ashlee’s integrity, expertise, and dedication set them apart, creating an environment where clients feel fully supported and well-represented. Their genuine kindness and approachable nature make even the most complex legal matters feel less daunting. Anyone seeking reliable, compassionate, and skilled legal guidance would be in excellent hands with Guardian Law Group.
Jennifer Chiulli
“Christian was very helpful and got my complex case in order”
Christian was very helpful and got my complex case in order, very punctual with time and patient when it came to elaborating ways to move through out my case.
Francisco Rodriguez
“Christian and Ashlee are genuine, honest and hard working”
I would highly recommend Guardian Law Group. Christian and Ashlee are genuine, honest and hard working. Christian has a high level of integrity and is extremely knowledgeable and professional.
Carrie G
“He makes you feel like his only client”
Christian is the BEST attorney I have ever worked with! He makes you feel like his only client, the way he attends to your every question with lightning speed and with the utmost care and concern. His legal expertise is off the charts yet possesses all the intangible qualities like kindness and attentiveness that are hard to find. He infuses a calm and professional mannerism to any stressful situation.
Melissa Avila
“I am glad that I found this law group!”
Christian Lueders has been so helpful in my time of need. It’s so difficult to find the right lawyer in desperate times that has an equal amount of compassion as well as legal knowledge to help you maneuver through your personal hardships. It took me a while but I am glad that I found this law group! I feel so at ease and my anxiety isn’t as bad with the right guidance. If you’re looking for somebody you can turn to in your time of need, this is the law group and lawyer for you! Reasonable prices and people are empathize with you because they see you as a human being and not just another paycheck for them.
Lisette Segui
“It really feels like he cares about you”
Christian was wonderful to work with. He is smart, kind, and creative. He is very down to earth and good at explaining the situation and law terminology in understandable terms. He gives very direct and easy to follow advise. It really feels like he cares about you and the problems that you and your family are facing. I would highly recommend him to anyone that needs a lawyer. It was a pleasure working with him. I am grateful for all his help.
Edan Lamacchia
“One of the most intelligent and dependable professionals I have encountered”
I have had the privilege of knowing Chris Lueders for 20 years, and I can confidently say he is one of the most intelligent and dependable professionals I have encountered. What truly sets him apart is his genuine passion for helping others— whether it’s offering guidance, problem-solving, or going the extra mile to support those around him. His integrity, reliability, and willingness to serve make him someone I highly respect and recommend.
Anna Woods
“I cannot recommend Guardian Law enough.”
Christian is an outstanding attorney, and cares about his clients. I cannot recommend Guardian Law enough. You will be in good hands.
Michael Roberts
“Honest, well-spoken and easily calms any stress caused by the legal process”
I highly recommend Christian Lueders with the Guardian Law Group. He is honest, well-spoken and easily calms any stress caused by the legal process. He responded to my messages very quickly and explained the legal process with professionalism and knowledge, which immediately put me at ease. I feel confident in his experience and ability to succeed in any legal situation.
Judy Horne
“Got us through a tough legal time with positive results”
Christian got us through a tough legal time with positive results. His compassion & knowledge of the law is exceptional. Thank you!
Carol Geisler
“He answered the phone right away and talked to the officer”
I called Christian because my wife was stop at a traffic stop and I believed her rights where being infringed upon. He answered the phone right away and talked to the officer. After Christian informed us or our rights and made sure we knew how to handle the situation he waited for an update from us to make sure everything was OK. Also, after speaking to Christian and waiting 20 min the officers let her go without a ticket or anything. I would recommend the Guardian Law Group to anyone I know that needs legal help.
Austin Bland
“Knowledgeable Professional and really cares about people”
Hello Guardian Law Group thank you for your Great work you’ve done for myself & Blessing others to any one who’s looking for a Really GOOD Criminal Defense Attorney Christian Lueders is the Go to Guy that’s Knowledgeable Professional and really cares about people and he puts his passion in his work I pray whoever reads this feels the same relief I got & be blessed don’t Hesitate CONTACT Him now it will All work out in your Favor.